French Existentialism Philosophers Essay Example for Free

French Existentialism Philosophers Essay Gabriel Marcel is known to be one of the more strict thinkers who was a French Existentialist. He was a dedicated Catholic Philosopher and he accepted that by being associated with others he will be associated with god. He accepted that way of thinking ought to be about expectation and needed to depict the more positive parts of human qualities through his compositions and considerations. Marcel has a conviction that issues and riddles were two separate thoughts where issues exist outside and separated from ourselves and secrets were unsolved questions that were progressively interior to one’s self. For instance figuring out what a body is, is an issue and figuring out what my body is, is a riddle. He accepts that we can utilize essential and auxiliary appearance so as to look for an answer for the issue or riddle being confronted with. Essential reflections utilize investigative aptitudes to isolate the mastermind from the hazardous item so as to discover a goals. Isolating the scholar from the issue is significant so as to successfully reflect and make scholarly and moral intends to an answer. Essential reflections use methods for abstracting information and utilizing it so as to control the world and manage the difficult that isn't generally highly contrasting or a set in stone answer. Essential reflection approaches issues from a target viewpoint where the mastermind is discrete from the issue while the auxiliary reflection starts with the experience of presence inside the issue and is utilized with impression of a secret. The optional reflection is available to examination by taking a gander at it as a one of a kind nearness. The presence inside the world isn't an issue that should be unraveled in light of the fact that people and their bodies are inherently identified with the world and they are according to one another, not articles or issues that can be controlled. Marcel accepted that Philosophy is a piece of thinking about a secret and the puzzle requires support of the individual reflecting in light of the fact that it is an encounter of essence itself. A puzzle includes you as an intrinsical piece of the inquiry which is an issue of yourself and requires an answer by auxiliary reflection. An inquiry turns into a secret when it brings itself into the subject. Marcel accepts that people are progressively getting characterized by their issues which cause estrangement of themselves from themselves and furthermore causing division from others. The inquiries of â€Å"being† and people are secrets inside the Marcel methods of reasoning. When something is perceived as â€Å"not being† it can't be a riddle. As people we have a requirement for â€Å"being† with â€Å"ontological exigence† which devours â€Å"being† upsurges of delight, joy, cheerfulness, desires and wants. â€Å"Being† as a human methods existing and encountering the world and the subjects inside it. Having something implies practicing control over that thing by ownership and rights to those assets. By having rights over a belonging can likewise empowers that individual to have the capacity of removal of that subject too. Having something is not the same as encountering that thing, for instance having a body is diverse structure encountering your body since you can't free yourself of your body consistently to be. Life isn't indistinguishable from a person’s â€Å"being† in light of the fact that â€Å"being† is simply the entire which is more than life and it is the thing that an individual tries to be. People can just summon the completion of â€Å"being† by drawing in with others and meeting up as a network. Marcel advances living I-Thou which opens up and improves a person’s â€Å"being† which God being a definitive Thou. The I-Thou thought requires an individual to be available to the â€Å"being† of others inside their lives and not living just for themselves. Marcel has a fascinating position regarding the matter of affection and how it ought to be characterized. He accepts that affection has to do with internal subjectivity and it is tied in with looking for and encountering the â€Å"being† of the other. Love isn't about belonging or having someone else which is generally thought to be the fundamental meaning of what love implies. Marcel accepts that a self doesn't cherish, however oneself is comprised by adoration. At the point when we connect predicates to a thou we limit our adoration for another and it’s trust and confidence which comprises love in the â€Å"being† of the other. I generally imagined that affection had to do with having and naming an individual or subject as yours. Be that as it may, Marcel’s reasoning on affection has changed my perspective into accepting that adoration is about completely tolerating an individual as who they are as opposed to attempting to have them and transforming them into being an object of your longing and control. Part B: In Simone Beauvoir’s composing of The Ethics of Ambiguity she starts to expound on morals and the significance of an ethical commitment to defeat persecution. Moral acts and willing one’s self free is a commitment of an individual so as to turn into an ethical individual. With moral opportunity an individual isn't free except if they can manage free people. We as a whole ought to take a stab at our opportunity just as the opportunity of others and the opportunity of all. The opportunity to pick is formed by social and political opportunity of individuals. Beauvoir accepts that so as to free all we should stand firm for equity particularly in the political sense. We should regard opportunity when it serves opportunity, however not when opportunity separations itself from itself. For instance when opportunity is utilized in the mistreatment and the maltreatment of others, we should not to regard it in cases, for example, a tyranny persecuting the opportunity of its kin. Abusing an oppressor is defended in any event, when it requires savagery and in instances of individuals ascending and revolting the individual or the framework that has been persecuting them it is legitimate. In such cases losses of war with penances is defended when battling for opportunity since it makes it a simply war. Simone Beauvoir states â€Å"the truth is that if division and viciousness characterize war, the world has consistently been at war and will consistently be; if man is trusting that widespread harmony all together will set up his reality truly, he will stand by uncertainly: there will never be some other future. † (Beauvoir ) With this she implies that if the main explanations behind war are for brutality to demolish the other rival in view of division at that point war will never end and individuals will never arrive at complete freedom. In any case, persecuting and oppressor ought to never be driven by dazzle confidence. The activities must be considered completely well and intentional over decision. Every condition ought to be considered dependent upon the situation and broke down by viable issues. Morals stress physical and social cooperation comparable to other people on account of opportunity. Bona fide ethical quality includes commitment with the world that isn't unique intellectualism. Individuals who sit by and talk about the issues and the conditions that habituate the world are not drawing in with the world legitimately. Beauvoir focuses on that so as to accomplish genuine ethical quality individuals must plan something for draw in with the world not intellectualize the issues inside it. People have an ethical responsibility to free the persecuted people since it causes restricted freedom of their own opportunity. Abused people may not realize that they are being persecuted and this why it is significant for others to illuminate them and assist them with getting freed from their circumstance. With a mistreated individual, their own judgment that they are persecuted is the thing that matters and this is the reason it’s a commitment of other people who perceive the abuse to give them information on their circumstance. Persecuted individuals are cut off from the future without the intensity of freedom to choose what is next for them in their lives. With freedom an individual must have the option to address esteems and persecuted people can't do this. Being mistreated doesn't increase moral character since character isn't worked by anguish. An individual can't state that they are a tough individual since they have been tolerating persecution and the enduring that accompanies it. An individual is solid when they stand firm for their freedom and battle for their own qualities just as the freedom of others. Be that as it may, power is constrained inside freedom, Beauvoir authorizes this by expressing that â€Å"to be free isn't to have the ability to do anything you like; it is to have the option to outperform the given toward an open future; the presence of others as an opportunity characterizes my circumstance and is even the state of my own opportunity. † (Beauvoir ) Power is an establishment of good opportunity and so as to draw on the planet an individual must have power, however it is a constrained force. Individuals of the world, however state additionally has a commitment to guarantee that it’s individuals have a base degree of prosperity since this is important to unreservedly act inside the world. Outside assistance is required so as to mitigate mistreatment and once a persecuted individual is put inside the nearness of opportunity they should seek after opportunity for themselves and one can't compel opportunity upon them or it would not be perceived as opportunity by any means. Works refered to Beauvoir, S. D. The Works of Simone de Beauvoir. Zuubooks. com, 2010. Print. Marcel, Gabriel. A Gabriel Marcel Reader. first version. St. Augustines Press, 2011. Print.

Operations Management At New Belgium Brewing Business Essay

Tasks Management At New Belgium Brewing Business Essay In 1991 after Jeff Lebesch couldn't get a credit from the bank he began a lager preparing organization with his significant other Kim Jordon is the storm cellar of their home with just a little capital speculation. They conveyed their lager in their station wagon. With the benefits they created their organization soon grew out of the besetment, and moved to another area in a railroad warehouse, lastly in 1995 they fabricated a best in class custom office which cost $21.5 million. They burned through $11.5 million on a 55,000 square foot building, and $10 million on new gear. Until 2005 NBBs best type of promoting has been verbal. Surely before New Belgium brews were generally appropriated all through Colorado, one alcohol storekeeper in Telluride is indicated to have offered individuals gas cash on the off chance that they would make a trip and get New Belgium on their way through Ft. Collins. While NBBC has not digressed from its unique standards, the techniques and individuals who work the bottling works have gotten progressively formal and expert. Creation supervisors and nonstop improvement specialists from outside the art blending network have been enrolled. As they reshape the assembling rehearses and recognize ventures with the best returns and most elevated effect, theyre cautious not to crush staff inclusion. By beginning in there cellar as a little organization they had the option to concentrate on the nature of the brew instead of its amount. New Belgium guarantees that quality at the plant is observed intently. Through the procedure the nature of the contributions as they are changed is inspected. Quality affirmation is a basic component of the activities the executives. Anyway it is troublesome and a test to keep up a steady item. The nature of the item ought to never endure because of the size of the organization. At the point when an organization is enormous it is a higher priority than at any other time that the nature of the item remains the equivalent, in light of the fact that the item is offered to more individuals. At New Belgium the whole procedure structure accepting the jumps, to blending, and packaging is checked continually, to safeguard that the item is at the highest caliber. Despite the fact that the nature of the data sources change, the nature of the item ought not c hange. They augment profitability by completely using their innovation. New Belgium intently screens the quality at the plant. The new innovation will keep on being effective, cutting edge, and earth amicable. executing an empathetic plan of action that means to steward the assets of Earth and support its workers, New Belgium has likewise been fruitful in keeping up sound financials. They like to state that they are beneficial, not disregarding their social and natural endeavors, but since of them. Economical creation isn't simply a vibe decent exertion; its a wallet issue for NBBCs 350 laborers: After one year of work with the organization, the representatives become worker proprietors. All workers are viewed as zone pioneers, and everybody is liable for guaranteeing that the quality stays high. The representatives of New Belgium own 43% of the organization through their Employee Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP. While giving representatives proprietorship in the organization sets the establishment for a drew in workforce, the genuine associations happen past the Share Statements. The explanation behind New Belgiums achievement are the organizations Purpose and Core Values Beliefs Coupled with the structure and backing at the official level, worker commitment is the key fixing in High Involvement Culture. With their representatives associated with the key elements of the business, They request thoughts from more than 300 one of a kind perspectives. This encourages the distillery to work all the more brilliantly while perceiving everyones interesting gifts. These are the practices they have used to construct New Belgiums unmistakable culture. New Belgium opens the entirety of the books to it utilizes and gives money related preparing so individuals can comprehend the matter of doing business. At month to month All-Staff gatherings they survey the financials, and workers have the chances to pose inquiries and give feedback. Each representative settles o n choices in their job that influences New Belgiums productivity, regardless of whether it is about a capital development task or leaving a fixture running while they wash their hands. It all includes up. When a representative is associated with the higher reason for the organization and instructed on the budgetary results of their activities, they are enabled to settle on choices that advantage the business in general. Confiding in one another with this degree of detail likewise causes us to feel increased in value, engaged, and at last increasingly satisfied. These practices stir colleagues to be occupied with New Belgium, to guarantee the companys Core Values and Beliefs which call them to respect nature every step of the way of the business as their own.â What is useful for the earth is at last useful for business. They dont need to leave the fixture running or the lights turned on in light of the fact that it costs cash and common resources.  In expansion to the pract ices which advance High Involvement Culture, they additionally work to draw in representatives in ecological stewardship.â The initial two brews that they delivered were Fat Tire, and Abbey, which are as yet sold today. The new structure will highlight a computerized, fast packaging line which will build yield to 700 jugs a moment contrasted with the 300 jugs per minute. The present creation is at 400,000 barrels for every year, with development that is relied upon to increment up to 800,000 barrels for every year. Since 2008, they have opened up conveyance in 7 new states:â Georgia, North Carolina, North Dakota, Indiana, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Tennessee. Added to their current conditions of appropriation (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Tennessee, Washington and Wyoming), New Belgium presently sells lager in 26 states, yet the entirety of this brew is prepared in Fort Collins, Colorado. New Belgium gets various messages and calls regular inquisitive when it will be accessible somewhere else. In 1995 when the Philanthropy program was considered, they started giving 1 dollar for each barrel of lager created to non-benefit associations in the networks where they do business. Since its origin, New Belgium Brewing has given more than $2.5â million through our Philanthropy program. There collaborators have likewise given many volunteer hours to non-benefits associations in the locale. There associates are given one hour of (took care of time) for at regular intervals they volunteer with magnanimous associations. Question 2 For what reason is it imperative to draw in workers in proprietorship to upgrade quality and proficiency? In todays economy, preparing fine lager and making an esteemed trademark in the serious blending industry is a hard assignment to accomplish. You have to guarantee uniform quality in the incalculable jugs you produce, have devoted and persevering staff to guarantee smooth and proficient tasks, and consistently search for better techniques for surpassing the buyers desires. New Belgium Brewery gets this, and thought of a straightforward arrangement that would guarantee these focuses are met. Following one year work at New Belgium, a representatives status is moved up to worker proprietor and they are compensated with organization shares. New Belgium understood that the stars of making their workers into proprietors were endless. The advancement alone protects representatives coming into work propelled to perform their allocated responsibilities to their maximum capacity, and makes a progressively profitable workplace with everybody concentrated on meeting similar objectives. The impetus being that if the business progresses nicely, their boosts in compensation. With this motivation, representatives will guarantee the nature of the lager is outstanding and will endeavor to surpass measures; this keeps up the companys vision in making greater blends. The worker proprietor motivator program utilized at New Belgium not just gives the organization a serious edge with improved quality yet additionally helps in representative maintenance which thusly decreases the expenses of recruiting and preparing workers. Presently, not exclusively does New Belgium have persevering, devoted representatives, they have an enormous workforce focused on the most proficient method to improve the business. As part proprietors, a worker can raise any thought on what could make the organization sell more, produce more, or now and again what should be fixed and how it should be possible. It wouldnt matter what office you are in, in the event that you had an inventive thought on the most proficient method to support the organization, you can voice your plans to senior administration. For instance, in the event that they produce new brew with a full smooth taste yet is by one way or another not selling as much as possible; have neglected the way that their beers name could be confused with an unrefined picture, representatives who have no information on advertising could set up a gathering and carry light to the showcasing slip up as the reasonable justification for absence of deals. We accept there is as yet one extra motivation behind why New Belgium has settled on this choice. A significant issue organizations have is making a coordinated workforce where the issues and concerns representatives have may not be effectively taken care of. New Belgium has guaranteed the security of the companys business and the joy of workers by presenting representative proprietors. It additionally impeded the chance of included expenses from workers who might need to utilize walk-outs or association portrayal to be heard by their chiefs. The inquiry most organizations pose is the reason would it be advisable for you to give workers incomplete proprietorship? However New Belgium demonstrates that it ought to be, the reason would you cripple your business by not? Question 3 What does on the other hand enabled intend to you? In the wake of looking into the data gave by the New Belgium Brewery site, I have come to see then again engaged as a methods for offering back to the earth b y st

Explaining the Focus Learners Use of Communication How does the Assignment

Clarifying the Focus Learners Use of Communication How does the instructor investigate understudies utilization of language to grow con - Assignment Example So as to accomplish this, applicants must be conceded the chance to fulfill the vital prerequisites in the edTPA handbook for their predetermined subject. Moreover, the competitors ought to be answerable for arranging and evaluation during the edTPA preparing; present video chronicles and complete the edTPA inside the predefined time allotment. The edTPA influences guide instructors, educator readiness projects, and educator competitors. Educator competitors are influenced by edTPA as in the process is proposed to ingrain trust in up-and-comer instructors while simultaneously increasing speed the procedure of compelling instructing. Information and proof is utilized by the instructor planning programs with points of centering experience and study hall execution. In favor of guide educators, the procedure achieves a feeling of shared possession while focusing on the understudy showing experience results. The edTPA is a useful procedure that encourages instructors to evaluate students. The experience picked up from the procedure isn't just material in study halls yet additionally in the outside world to study and help uncommon students and

Issues Faced By Human Resource Management - Free Essay Example

Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers. Human Resource Management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. Human Resource Management is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplaceÂÂ  cultureÂÂ  and environment. Effective HRM enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organizations goals and objectives. Human Resource Management is moving away from traditional personnel, administration, and transactional roles, which are increas ingly outsourced. HRM is now expected toÂÂ  add valueÂÂ  to the strategic utilization of employees and that employee programs impact the business in measurable ways. Research in the area of HRM has much to contribute to the organizational practice of HRM. For the last 20 years, empirical work has paid particular attention to the link between the practice of HRM and organizational performance, evident in improved employee commitment, lower levels of absenteeism and turnover, higher levels of skills and therefore higher productivity, enhanced quality and efficiency.ÂÂ  This area of work is sometimes referred to as Strategic HRM or SHRM. BUSINESS PRACTICE Human resources management involves several processes. Together they are supposed to achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department, but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other departments. When effectively integrated they provide signific ant economic benefit to the company.[15] Workforce planning RecruitmentÂÂ  (sometimes separated into attraction and selection) Induction,ÂÂ  OrientationÂÂ  andÂÂ  On boarding Skills management Training and development Personnel administration Compensation inÂÂ  wageÂÂ  orÂÂ  salary Time management Employee benefitsÂÂ  administration Personnel cost planning Performance appraisal Labor relations Organizations may have their line and staff functions in place, but without clear HR policies, all efforts would be like taking potshots in the dark. Every employee of the organization is an important cog in the wheel. If one follows the right recruitment practices, each employee can become an asset for his/her organization. The role of HR is thus an intricate web of hiring, recruiting, training, promoting, and mentoring. It also involves unpleasant activities like performance appraisal, layoffs, and employee disciplining. Since human resource management has everything to do with people related issues, HR professionals also conduct behavioral assessment, leadership development, talent management, and knowledge management. As businesses evolve, the dynamics of HR also changed. Yesterdays HR mantra focused on management concepts that focused on process improvement and elimination of management wastes. Kaizen, Six Sigma, and other Total Quality Management (TQM) tools were the buzzwords of the twentieth century business world. Today, the focus has shifted from refining business processes to outsourcing business processes, thereby making organizations leaner and more flexible. Even as we speak, businesses are constantly redefining and re-evaluating management models. To be able to fit into the new-age management world, HR has to also revisit its founding principles and chart a new way forward. KEY POINTS TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL LEADER A leader must always act with self-confidence s hould avoid anger and crabbiness and deal with his subordinates with calm and proper understanding. There are some basic key points for a person to become a leader are listed below: * Prevent becoming emotionally involved. *Motivate others to get the work done. * Look at things objectively and from others view point *Understanding things by human behavior * Talk and write clearly and forcefully. * Must have teaching ability to inspire and develop subordinates *Must have technical knowledge for giving necessary guidance to subordinates *Understand people their preferences and weakness and making him a approachable person. One who takes care of HRM Department need to be more active, lively and the must posses the quality of Leadership? There has been a recent explosion of books about new concepts in leadership and supervision, such as New Millennium leadership and New Paradigm leadership. In our experience over the years, leaders and supervisors rarely struggle because they dont understand such advanced concepts. Rather, they struggle because they havent mastered the fundamentals, those most critical, basic structures and processes of leadership and supervision in their organizations. This guide will help you to master those fundamentals. There is an adage that states that, in systems such as organizations, structures determine behaviors that determine events. Too often, we focus only on the events and the behaviors and we fail to see the larger structures, so our efforts to develop more effective leadership often fail. Too many leadership development programs focus primarily on assessing leadership styles and then cultivating personal development they forget that, for leadership to really be effective, the organization has to have the structures in place to really support effective leadership in the first place. This guide shows you how to implement those structures in your organization. The guide is one of the few that t akes a solid, plan-based, systems-based view of leadership and supervision. It helps organizations to ensure a smooth transition to a professionally managed organization. FUNCTIONS OF HRM The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding the staffing needs of an organization and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they cant yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have-and are aware of-personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have. Note that some people distinguish a difference between HRM (a major management activity) and HRD (Human Resource Development, a profession). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, e.g., career development, training, organization development, etc. There is a long-standing argument about where HR-related functions should be organized into large organizations, e.g., should HR be in the Organization Development department or the other way around? EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION To retain good staff and to encourage them to give of their best while at work requires attention to the financial and psychological and even physiological rewards offered by the organization as a continuous exercise. Basic financial rewards and conditions of service (e.g. working hours per week) are determined externally (by national bargaining or government minimum wage legislation) in many occupations but as much as 50 per cent of the gross pay of manual workers is often the result of local negotiations and details (e.g. which particular hours shall be worked) of conditions of service are often more important than the basics. Hence there is scope for financial and other motivations to be used at local levels. Staffing needs will vary with the productivity of the workforce (and the industrial peace achieved) so good personnel policies are desirable. The latter can depend upon other factors (like environment, welfare, employee benefits, etc.) but unless the wage packet is accepted as fair and just there will be no motivation. Hence while the technicalities of payment and other systems may be the concern of others, the outcome of them is a matter of great concern to human resource management. Increasingly the influences of behavioral science discove ries are becoming important not merely because of the widely-acknowledged limitations of money as a motivator, but because of the changing mix and nature of tasks (e.g. more service and professional jobs and far fewer unskilled and repetitive production jobs). Better-educated, mobile and multi-skilled employees much more likely to be in demand and to be influenced by things like job satisfaction, involvement, participation, etc. than the economically dependent employees of yesteryear. Hence human resource management must act as a source of information about and a source of inspiration for the application of the findings of behavioral science. It may be a matter of drawing the attention of senior managers to what is being achieved elsewhere and the gradual education of middle managers to new points of view onÂÂ  job design, work organizationÂÂ  and worker autonomy. Employees motivation comes out of true leaders. WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? Leadership is the art of direc ting a group of people to act with efficiency, effectiveness and efficacy to attain a positive goal. The ability of directing a group towards the achievement of goals or end state Leadership is the art of getting people to do things Leadership is the art of influencing the fellow men to willingly work for a common objective The challenge of leadership has always been to provide coherence, structure and, ultimately, meaning in times of great change and dislocation. QUALITIES OF A LEADER Belief Confidence Commitment Creativity Credibility Communication Decision Making Empathy Enthusiasm Humility Sense of Humor Knowledge Loyalty Motivation Trust Vision/Mission/Goals Team Building Tolerance CONCLUSION With an effective leadership along with a true care, the HRM function and HRD profession have undergone major changes over the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large organizations looked to the Personnel Department , mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider the HR Department as playing an important role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner. When a person has sound knowledge and becomes skillful he will be ready to lead the organization as a leader. There is nothing like that you have be destined to become a leader.

United Equality The Failures of the United Nations...

After World War I, the victorious Allied nations made many changes in the world. In addition to the punishments Germany received, a peace-keeping organization called the League of Nations was created. Unfortunately, the League failed. Then, after World War II, the Allies created a new organization called the United Nations. The United Nations or UN, for short, by and large was successful and is still in operation today. The UN has a set of guidelines meant to be applied in every area of the world; one of which is the policy of human rights, created in 1948. The United Nations’ set of human rights values should be in place in every nation in the world. Unfortunately, women in Islamic countries such as Iran and Indonesia are violations of†¦show more content†¦In conclusion, the conditions for women in some Islamic countries violate the freedom of self-esteem and human rights entitled to them by the law set down by the United Nations. The second human rights policy that should be in place in all areas of the world is equality in government. This includes all aspects of government, including participation in office, suffrage, and the ability to oppose existent oppressing laws (CEDAW 3). The United Nations put this law in place as a way to limit the abuse of women in government. Also, although the laws are not perfect for every country, they are basic guidelines meant to protect the oppressed. When a country doesn’t give its citizens freedom, it is at risk for a revolt. Equality in government includes equality in the name of the law. It is a problem, if like in the wall, a mob can easily try to kill someone and get away with it. Mobs can get heat up, get out of hand and result in violence and potentially a rebellion. Women disrespected by governments lead to successful As a result of the male run society, women often are held back from excelling and thriving in Islamic society. 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The nation was in need of an ethic of caring and a solid identity of what it meant to be an â€Å"American.† With the war in Vietnam and the war for equality, people were fed up with all of the hate. The public cried, â€Å"Make love, not war (Tallulah).† During this time of hardship, the Civil Rights Movement introduced us to many influential Americans that helped make equality possible and al soRead MoreThe Underlying Consequence of Separation of Power2126 Words   |  9 PagesRevolution, he eloquently articulates the original purpose of separation of power in the United States of America: to protect private interests and freedom. Considering that separation of power is viewed as a means to prevent a unitary and centralized government, the issue of slavery influenced the adoption of separation of power. While equality is a quintessential reflection of America, the power of states’ rights prevents states from being consistent with American values. In this paper, I will examine

Effective Interpersonal Relations Effective Communication

Effective Interpersonal Relations Interaction with people in the workplace can be challenging and frustrating. Technology has changed the way we communicate with one another; for instance, email is a preferred method of communication compared to an in person meeting. This way of communication can create problems and tension among employees. One’s perception of the message becomes reality, causing lack of communication and for the message to be lost in translation. It is crucial to develop listening skills in order to be responsible for receiving and sharing accurate information. Interpersonal Communication Experience Autumn Oliveras is a former employee of the Cultural Council of Palm Beach County. She encountered an interpersonal†¦show more content†¦She also used the opportunity to help them strategize the organizational chart to better reflect the need for additional staff. Perhaps, if the executive team would have listen to Ms. Oliveras feedback, they would still have a valuable employee that would have grown with the company. In addition, they would have avoided the expense of having to hire her as an independent contractor. Ms. Oliveras is now is a management position and due to her experience, she is sensitive to the needs of the employees and the organization. She emphasizes on communication with staff and sees the value in having executive team meetings to discuss the priorities and who is responsible for each project. Although her experience was not a pleasant one, she learned and implemented an environment where her team member and Executive Team have open communication in order to share ideas that will benefit and further the mission. Organizational Impact Reflection Lack of communication is detrimental for any organization. In the case of the Palm Beach Cultural Council, the lack of communication among the leadership staff caused a disconnect between employee and management. This caused a negative impact on the organization. There were costs related to training, in addition to lack of coverage. When management assessed the working conditions of Autumn Oliveras, a conclusion was reached. The organization hired three

Sphere Of Project Related Activity Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sphere Of Project Related Activity. Answer: Introduction The concept of the project management is becoming an increasing important topic in the sphere of project related activity within an organisation. In the past, the concept of the project management mainly comprised of collecting project data and the matrices for the purpose of evaluation, then making necessary adjustment in order to increase efficiency as well as production (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The role of the project manager where also related to the managing of the human capital, making sure that the project consisted of enough people so that they have all the task completed in a pre-defined time framework. Taking into account the rapid proliferation relating to the technology, the importance of the project management increased very much in terms of the task which is required by the project manager as well as the knowledge which is required in order to complete the tasks (Pennypacker and Grant 2017). The main aim of the project management scenario is the control part. The project has to be under control all the time in order to ensure increase production and relating to it, its efficiency. Therefore, the planning of the project should be taken up which consist of all the goals, required actions in order to achieve them and the result. This report mainly focuses on the concept of the project management. Putting lime light on the few important aspect related to the topic and the role of the project manager which is included in the management of the project (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). Real scenario The project manager can be considered as a single designated person who is majorly responsible for managing the overall working of the project as well as the project organisation. he independently acts and outside the normally functional authority of the structure which is within the organisation (Parinet Guglielmo and Joussaume 2017). the authority which is empowered upon the project manager is equal over the use of the shared resources in the projects framework. The project manager acts like a single leader and brings together all the various functional and the project resources in order to achieve the projects goal and the objectives. Taking into consideration a real scenario, Squarespace is a software as a service based content management system. The role of the manager in any organisation may vary. In the stated company the project manager mainly deals with one department part manager. On the other and when consideration is taken into small organisation they may have one manager who handles all the requirement of the organisation. This is actually done in order to gain the proper working of all the organisations within the organisation. with regards to the working of the manager. The knowledge area is discussed. Knowledge area of project management Project Integration Management. Project may exist in every type of the enterprise related to human. There may be unique, complex undertaking that create facility, new products, services and events. This majorly result in major organisational and other changes within the framework of the organisation. this may also accommodate recovery from a manmade or natural disaster. Project have ending point as well as the starting point and the progress is mainly recorded by a sequence of project life cycle (Chevrier 2016). Project Scope Management. The discipline concept within the process of project management has mainly evolved due to the factor of traditional well established industrial age principles and the relating to its methods for managing the classical functional organisation. Projects may be comprised of diverse activity that mainly require specialist skills, and hence cutting across the concept of the traditional organizational functional line (Parinet Guglielmo and Joussaume 2017). It may be considered as a temporary endeavour with the concept of lifetime and so do not provide the organizational homes from the people which are involved. The main challenging part is to accomplish the right project at the right time period while providing stable homes that mainly develop the diverse sills that are needed for all the specialists who majorly contribute towards the project. The different programs and the project portfolio which are involved in the integrative responsibility are: Managing director / general manager Portfolio steering groups Project and sponsor of the program Managers of the project management (or chief project officer/ CPO) (the project management office /PMO) Project and program manager Affected functions managers and functional leader of the project (Chevrier 2016) Project Time Management. There is a primary difference between the project and an ongoing enterprise as something to be managed is that, the project has a life cycle involved in it. It comprises of a starting phase, and execution phase and an end phase. More elaborately a project has a number of life cycle phases which are involved in it (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). The simplest of the definition which can be include into the process can mainly include definition, concept, execution and the close out of the different phases which are associated with the concept (Chevrier 2016). Project Cost Management. Project management in the broad sense can be defined as a set of skills, tools and techniques and the knowledge that can be directly applied to a project in order to fulfil that particular projects requirement. The main phases that are contained in a project management phase are: Project initiation: this mainly deals with the selection and the starting of the project Project planning: ones the project is initiated it must be planned. This is by far the largest and can be considered as the most important phase which is related to the project management. With taking consideration of a good project plan the project is basically doomed. Project execution: ones the planning of the project is done; the execution phase comes under the limelight. This is basically project goal oriented approach (Jugdev, K. and Thomas, J., 2017) Project control: throughout the execution phase of the project, a level of control is very much needed. This is basically done in order to manage the potential problem and the monitor the overall progress of the project. Project closer: this phase is mainly time overlooked, but it is one of the most important phases. This phase mainly describes how to officially close out the project with a client or a sponsor (Turner 2016). Project Quality Management. The practise which is related to the role of the project manager in the recent age has moved from the concept of the planning and the execution of the project to majorly include the conceptual phases and the project portfolio management. This process majorly provides the linkage between the growth of the management of the organisation and the role of the project manager which is involved in the process. Project Human Resource Management. The project resource management mainly identifies the documents and the project roles which are assigned, responsibility and reporting of the relation of different projects. The process requires to make effective use of the people who are involved in the project. Project Communications Management. The project communication mainly requires to ensure prompt and appropriate generation, distribution, storage, retrieval and ultimate disposition of the information of the of the project. Project manager is entitled to spend most of time communicating with the members of the team and stakeholders. Project Risk Management. The concept of the project risk management mainly involves identification of different types of risk which can be associated with a project. It can be stated that an early detection of the risk factors can highly reduce the risk impact which it has on a project. Conclusion It can be basically concluded for the above report that the concept of the project management can be applied to varied area of project infrastructure. The scope by which the concept of the project management breaks the project into different sub levels can be very much beneficial from the point of view of the organisation as it would directly involve abstraction from the traditional system of managing the project. The project manager on the other hand has a big task which is employed upon him. The overall working of the project taking into considerations and consequences that would be faced during the overall placement of the project. References Chevrier, S., 2016. A Tough Day for a French Expatriate in Vietnam: The Management of a Large International Infrastructure Project. Intercultural Management: A Case-Based Approach to Achieving Complementarity and Synergy, p.228. Cooke?Davies, T., 2004. Project management maturity models. The Wiley guide to managing projects, pp.1234-1255. Crawford, J.K., 2007. Project management maturity model (p. 75). New York: Auerbach Publications. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Hartman, F.T. and Skulmoski, G., 1998. Project management maturity. Project Manag Jugdev, K. and Thomas, J., 2002. Project management maturity models: The silver bullets of competitive advantage. Project Management Institute. Kerzner, H., 2002. Strategic planning for project management using a project management maturity model. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., 2017. Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016. Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017. Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Parinet, M., Guglielmo, F. and Joussaume, S., 2017, April. IS-ENES project management-lessons learnt. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 19, p. 17510). Pennypacker, J.S. and Grant, K., 2003. Project Management Maturity. And Industry Benchmark, Project Managemet Journal, 2003Vol, 34, pp.4-11. Portny, S.E., 2017. Project management for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Turner, R., 2016. Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.

Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet Paper William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† tells the tale of love in a time of conflict. This tragic play follows a young couple known as Romeo and Juliet as they fall in love, get married and die together during the period of just four days amongst a background full of dreadful violence and hatred. The play hinges on a very significant turning point in act 3, scene1 where the main character, Romeo, makes a vital decision which changes the fortune of the young couple’s lives for the rest of the play. Throughout the play Shakespeare uses the contrasting themes of love and hate also the theme of fortune. Celestial imagery, symbolism and irony are used to help convey the themes and show the importance of the turning point in act3, scene1. During act1, the theme hate is strongly expressed through the character Tybalt. Tybalt is a Capulet and cousin of Juliet. A fight starts between the Montague boys and Tybalt and his men, but when Benvolio (a Montague) suggests peace he replies by saying: â€Å"What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee† The theme hate is expressed as the word is repeated twice in one sentence expressing how much Tybalt enjoys violence and that he is more than happy to fight the Montagues. This can be seen as foreshadowing future events as Tybalt is seen another two times wanting to fight with the opposing family. It is emphasised how much Tybalt despises the Montagues as he suggests that he hates them just as much as hell and then he makes it personal by adding in â€Å"thee† showing he hates Benvolio as an individual Montague as much as the rest of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By using a receding list going from something universal to a personal issue, it reflects and emphasises Tybalts anger by suggesting that he hates them in that order showing the power of his hatred for the montagues. However, the contrasting theme of love is later shown in the act when Romeo and Juliet meet each other for the first time and instantly fall in love. Romeo uses celestial imagery to describe how beautiful Juliet is by saying â€Å"o, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! † The alliteration of the â€Å"t† and â€Å"b† helps express Romeos feelings as it helps give the words a soft and meaningful sound. The quote shows that Romeo feels that Juliet is the most beautiful woman there and that she adds light to his dull and dark day. It gives the impression that he is amazed by her and hence shows the power of there love as they have only just met and he is already in awe of her. Act 1 shows the reader the contrasting themes of love and hate as it starts of with a fight and ends with Romeo and Juliet falling in love. It also shows that the play will be unstable as the balance of the love and hate will not last. In act 2 the extent of Romeo and Juliet’s love is strongly expressed. In scene 1, Juliet shows the audience that she does not care that Romeo is a Montague as it is only a name and is not valuable: â€Å"Whats Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot, nor arm, Nor face, nor any other part Belonging to a man† Juliet strongly empresses her feelings by showing that there is nothing to a name as it is a worthless object and will not affect her love for Romeo. If Romeo was to have a different name then he would still be the same person as a name is not a physical â€Å"part belonging to a man†. The repetition of â€Å"nor† also helps emphasis Juliet’s argument as it shows that she feels strongly about this and there is no way she will change her mind. The theme of good fortune is shown in this act as Romeo and Juliet marry the day after they have just met as Juliet tells Romeo, â€Å"Thy purpose marriage†. This is the highest point of luck in the play as everything after this point seems to go wrong as Friar Laurence foreshows that something is going to go wrong: â€Å"These violent delights have violent ends†. The Friar says this just before he marries Romeo and Juliet as he is predicting that something is going to go terribly wrong as they shouldn’t be marrying each other. This is ironic since later in the play he plays a part in Romeo and Juliet’s tragic death. Its almost like Romeo and Juliet are breaking a curse by falling in love despite their families’ hatred for each other but instead of good luck they just bring themselves doom. The audience can clearly see that this is going to be the highest point of the play as nothing much more can happen that is positive because by them marrying each other they are just bringing on bad luck. Act 3, scene 1 is the most important scene of the play as it is the turning point. Once again the Montague and Capulet men battle. Tybalt accidently kills Mercutio and Romeo is left feeling devastated and deeply angered. Romeo makes a fatal decision and decides to take revenge on Tybalt by killing him. â€Å"O, I am fortune’s fool! † It is quite clear that Romeo had forgotten his love for Juliet as his hate took over. This is the point of peripitea as Romeo has realised he has done a terrible thing and as a result he has reversed his fortune with Juliet. The killing of Tybalt is Romeo’s harmatia as it is his fatal flaw and nothing will be the same again. From this point in the play everything that happens is extremely unlucky for the couple. Romeo repeats that he is â€Å"fortunes fool† twice emphasising that this is the turning point for him and Juliet. Misfortune is shown throughout out this act as Romeo is later banished from Verona. At the start of the act bad luck is also shown as Mercutio is killed under Romeo arm which shows the extent of Romeos misfortune: â€Å"I was hurt under your arm. † By Romeo trying to help protect Mercutio, he caused his death which is devastating for Romeo as he was trying to do the right thing but instead his misfortune got in the way. At this point in the play, the audience can clearly see that things are going wrong for the couple as there has been a sudden reversal in their fortune. Act 4 reflects the reversal of fortune as Juliet is forced to marry Paris- the man her father wants her to wed. The extent to which Juliet loves Romeo is shown as she was willing to commit suicide rather than marry another man: â€Å"Then it is likely thou will undertake, A thing like death to chide away the shame. † To stop Juliet from committing suicide friar Lawrence creates a potion which will fake people into thinking she is dead to prevent her from marrying Paris. However due to their bad luck the plan obviously goes wrong as friar Lawrence sends Romeo a letter to inform him on the plan but Romeo doest receive this and instead is informed of her â€Å"death†. This is another example of misfortune caused by the point of peripitea in act 3. As a result of Romeo not receiving this vital piece of information he plans to kill himself showing how much her truly loves Juliet: â€Å" Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night. † The audience clearly sees that the ending isn’t going to be happy. As a result of the point of peripitea in act3, nothing seems to be going rite and instead there are serious consequences. The final act ends with Romeo and Juliet’s tragic and unfortunate death. As Romeo discovers Juliet lying in a tomb supposedly dead Romeo then kills himself to be with her however, tragically Juliet wakes up just as Romeo has taken poison to kill himself. As a result she takes his dagger and kills herself: â€Å" O happy dagger! This is thy sheath; [Stabs herself]there rust and let me die. [falls on Romeos body, and dies]† This is the final point of their misfortune, resulting in them tragically dying. When Juliet describes the dagger as being â€Å"happy† it is because the dagger will grant her final wish to die and finally be with Romeo. As it shows in the stage directions, she falls on Romeos body symbolising that there finally together at peace. However it is ironic in the fact that they will never be at peace as they both committed suicide which is seen as a crime at that time so they will both have went to hell. The unfortunate timing of their deaths is extremely tragic and the audience can see they were only within minutes of seeing each other. This is the final result of the point of peripitea in act 3. The climax of the play is at the very end when the parents of Romeo and Juliet come together and realise that their families’ fighting has caused their own children’s deaths. When Capulet says â€Å" As rich shall Romeo’s by his lady’s life; poor sacrifices of our enmity! † This shows the realisation of the parents discovering their foolish faults. The audience is left to wonder if the deaths of Romeo and Juliet was the price to pay for the families to unite. The two families uniting at the end over their children’s death is symbolism for the fact that love is born from hate as if their children did not die then they would never have noticed the extent of their wars! In conclusion, Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† shows a clear turning point in act 3 scne1 which dramatically changes the outcome of the play and results in the young couple tragically dying at the end. The play used symbolism to show that Romeo and Juliet had to die because love is stronger then hate. Even though Romeos harmartia badly affected Romeos and Juliet’s future it did not deteriorate their love showing just how powerful love can be. Throughout the play celestial imagery was used through Romeo to describe the true beauty of his relationship with Juliet. The audience was left with a satisfying ending as the parents managed to see past the years of fighting and make up and also Romeo and Juliet managed to die together in peace. This tragic play has a tragic ending but ends on beautiful note: â€Å"For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo. †

The eNotes Blog Watch the Worlds Longest Book DominoChain

Watch the Worlds Longest Book DominoChain Last month the public library of very own hometown, Seattle, broke the world record for the worlds longest book domino chain. Check it out! It took twenty-seven volunteers, seven hours, and five attempts in all, but on May 31st at approximately 11pm the Seattle Public Library successfully toppled 2,131 books, domino style. The awesome number of books used allowed the library staff to get creative with the pathway, too, as books climbed ramps, scaled stairs, and at one point spilled across the floor to spell READ in giant letters. The books truly seem to have a life of their own  as they bypass scenes like a couple sharing a picnic and a woman reading on the beach. In truth, these books were actually given a second life, as all of them had been retired and donated to the library. Now that theyve had their moment in the spotlight, though, all should find a new home, thanks to the librarys ingenious way of getting the books back out there for public consumption: Books used in the record-setting event can be purchased at upcoming Friends of The Seattle Public Library book sales. Each book will have a special sticker identifying that it helped set the book domino world record, as well as the Web address so the book buyer can watch the video. Hopefully this attention-grabbing kickoff to the Seattle Public Librarys summer reading program will have a domino effect on the popularity of reading worldwide. Kudos to the two college students who masterminded the entire event:  Laura DAsaro and  Luke Greenway of Harvard University and Middlebury College.

Article the star response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article the star response - Essay Example Very much like these church furnishings, he was as inconspicuous as the window fixtures, his skin pallid as the walls and his face topped with a few wisps of hair was left as blank as the faces of the stone-cold saints by the deteriorating disease that appears to have drained the life out of him even before his time was up. One Sunday I saw him and I said to myself, â€Å"This guy’s definitely a saint’s buddy, I bet his prayers go straight up to heaven.† That Sunday, he was strangely paler than his usual pallor and he was not walking; he was painstakingly dragging himself towards his favorite saint. I never saw him again after that Sunday. On yet another Sunday, curious on what happened to the man, I asked one of the church regulars on the guy’s whereabouts. I have learned he had died the night of the last Sunday I saw him. I never found out what disease he had but from the looks of it he may have had a cancer of some sort. Whatever condition he may have had, what happened to the man had struck questions and doubts in my mind. Why was he denied of the miracle he had prayed for almost everyday? Was the saint, his buddy, too busy to hear out his sole supplication? Was it too much to ask for him to be eased of that agonizing pain that caused him to drag his feet just to go to church? Yes. What happened to that man had caused an immense blow on my faith not on God but on the saints I take little notice of at church and I reiterate, my faith on God did not falter but doubts on these marble statues at church had launched a massive attack on my belief on what the church had introduced as ‘saints’. I stand by the basic principle that God can never be cruel and would never give false hope to Men. These thoughts clouded my mind and covered my ears which caused me to not hear what was said during the service. The service ended and I remained sitting still, oblivious to the faint bustle of the leaving churchgoers. As I came to my senses, I

Area studies 3rd draft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Area studies 3rd draft - Research Paper Example There is no definite response the question of the reasons due to which this civilization came to an end. But there are various studies associated with this question and these theories may simply be myths or true facts. Various historians have tried to identify the reasons that caused the seizure of the Indus Valley civilization and they have provided various speculative stories in relation to the incident. The end of the civilization started taking place around the period of 1800 BC and the society completely eroded away by the period of 1700 BC (Kenoyer 160). The two main reasons that are said to have caused the decline include natural reasons such as climatic changes and manmade reasons such as the wars that might have taken place at that time. According to historians three separate instances of natural disasters including intense funds is one of the reasons of the end of the Indus Valley civilization. Evidence provided by the historians is the huge deposits of silty clay along with huge piles of buildings that had been destroyed (Wheeler 11). The materials from these destroyed buildings contained clay which depicts that the city of Mohenjodaro had experienced floods. Other historians even belie ve that floods were not only the reason for destruction; they believe that the region of Mohenjodaro may have even experienced tectonic uplift. The historians are of the idea that earthquakes might have occurred and due to this the floods in the lower region of the river of Indus might have been raised (Wheeler 11). The increase in the floods caused due to earthquakes is credited to the long existence of the city of Mohenjodaro. The historians even argue that the regions such as the Makran region housed a sea port for the civilization and due to the floods in those regions resulted in the end of the commercial trade of the civilization. The last theory

Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms Essay Example for Free

Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms Essay Problem: When a team of individuals produce a single output the problem arises on how to contribute the reward so that every individual is equally rewarded. This article examines three different mechanisms to deal with this issue: 1.Markets Markets deals with the control problem through precise measurement and reward of individual contributions. 2.Bureaucrats Bureaucrats rely on a mixture of close evaluation with socialized acceptance of common objectives. 3.Clans Clans rely on a relatively complete socialization process which effectively eliminates goal incongruence between individuals. Introduction: Controls (by Tannenbaum)=sum of interpersonal influence relations in an organization Controls (Ezioni)= control is equivalent to power Controls (Weber)= a problem in creating and monitoring rules through a hierarchical authority system Main questions in article: 1) What are the mechanisms through which an organization can be managed so that it moves towards its objectives? 2) How can the design of these mechanisms be improved, what are the limits of each design? An example: The parts supply division Purchasing department: buys 100.000 items (p.a.) from 3.000 suppliers purchased by 22 employees on 3 management levels. †¢Purchasing officer send out request to 3 manufacturers and adds information on reliability, and the order †¢Supervisor Consults agents if they need help and reminds workers that they are not allowed to accept presents Warehousing operations: 1.400 employees (incl. 150 manager) †¢Pickers and packers (worker) †¢Supervisor (manager) Formal authority (written rules) Informal authority (personality) Three mechanisms: 1.Market mechanism purchasing function Agents and supervisory employ market mechanism: to minimize cost for the company by picking the best price on the markets. In a market prices convey all of the information necessary for efficient decision-making. Frictionless market: Prices represent exactly the value of good or service. Therefore reward can be contributed in direct proportion to contribution of employee! Agents and supervisory are subject to bureaucratic mechanisms: Their work is controlled by a set of bureaucratic surveillance controls (performance evaluation, hierarchical oder-giving) 2.Bureaucratic mechanism warehousing function Warehousing is subject to routines of monitoring and directing. This is done by close personal surveillance and direction of subordinates by superiors, based on a set of rules. Rules vs. price: Rules are arbitrary (beliebige) standards without comparison, based on assigned values of (successful) actions. Prices imply that a comparison has already taken place. Prices are far more efficient means of controlling transactions than are rules. However, the conditions necessary for frictionless prices can rarely be met, and in such conditions the bureaucratic form, despite its inadequacies, is preferred. 3.Informal social / clan mechanism Supervisors can rely on bureaucratic mechanisms but this requires surveillance which is associated with costs. But when the supervisor knows that his workers achieve the right objectives, he can eliminate many of the costly forms of audition and surveillance. Social and informational prerequisites of control The three models can be arranged along two dimensions: 1.Informational requirements =prerequisite to successful operation 2.Social underpinnings = Set of agreements between people, as a bare minimum, is basis for control Type of controlSocial requirementsInformational requirements MarketsNorm of Reciprocity (Wechselwirkung) Prices BureaucracyNorm of Reciprocity Legitimate authorityRules ClanNorm of Reciprocity Legitimate authority Shared values, beliefsTraditions The informational prerequisite of control: While a Clan is the most demanding and the Market the least demanding with respect to social underpinnings, the opposite is true when it comes to information. Within large organizations departments tend to develop own jargon in which complex information is easily transported. Each system carries information on how to behave: †¢Explicit system: accounting system easily accessible by newcomer (system is created) †¢Implicit system: is far less complete in its ability to convey information. e.g. US Senate need years to understand flow of information (systems grow up) Companies attempting to control the organization through a price (=market) mechanism use transfer prices to represent prices of internal performances. The advantage should be obtained by using the best prices within the firm. Organizations can also create an explicit set of rules (behavior as well as production and output) that will cover every situation and therefore cut the information problem down by using rules that will cover 90% of all events and depending upon hierarchical authority to settle the remaining 10%. Again legitimate authority is critical to bureaucracy. In a Clan the information is contained in the rituals, stories and ceremonies. So to say the information system does not require a information system, its just there. For example Chinese-American Hui: conducts business as venture capital lender but they also enter risky businesses and even the repayments are left open. Entry is only granted by birthright, a practice that guarantees that every member is part in the same social network and therefore behave to the same rules and principles. While the Market and Clan are both specialized approaches it is the Bureaucratic which is the system that is most flexible. Of course, under certain circumstance both the Market and Clan approach will deliver better results but the Bureaucratic can withstand high rates of turnover, a high degree of heterogeneity and it does not have very demanding informational needs. Designing Control Mechanisms: Costs and Benefits Two ways of effective people control: 1. Find people that fit needs exactely 2. find people that dont fit exactly but use a managerial system to instruct, monitor and evaluate them Best approach depends on costs. Ad 1. is associated with costs and search and acquisitions but their skills will help to reduce costs in the long-run. Ad 2. includes trainings costs and a the costs for the supervisory system but reduces high turnover. Search and select ‘clan-type’ people: Cost of Search and Acquisition: High Wages Benefit: Perform tasks without instruction, work hard Instruct people into the ‘clan’ system: Cost of training: instruct, monitor, and evaluate unskilled workers (who are likely to be indifferent to learn organization skills and values). High rates of turnover. Costs of monitoring: developing rules, supervising. Benefit: heterogeneous system of people that can be controlled. Explicit rules (codified knowledge) offset turnover costs. Loose coupling and The Clan as a Form of Control New view with impact on designing control mechanisms. The ability to measure either output or behavior which is relevant to the desired performance is critical to the rational application of market or bureaucratic forms of control. Knowledge of transformation process: Tin Can plant: If we understand the technology (e.g. production process and what it takes for a successful production) perfectly, we can achieve effective control by setting rules that lead to behavior and processes that lead to our desired transformation steps. Thus, we can create an effective bureaucratic control mechanism. Womens boutique: On the other hand, if we dont understand what is needed (e.g. control system for womens boutique) to be a successful buyer or merchandiser, we cant create rules. But we can measure output (turnover per buyer, salex volumes,). So we can use the output control mechanism to monitor various indicators and set actions accordingly. Apollo Program: Each step of the transformation (assembling) is crystal clear and we have a output measure (it comes back or not). Thus we have the choice and the lower cost alternative will be preferred: clearly as the cost of failure would be prohibitive (untragbar) and more elaborate behavior control system will be installed. Reseach Lab: We have the ability to define the rules of behavior and we can measure the output which will be some 10 years in the future. Certainly a strong output control system will be used but effectively this cannot guarantee success so neither behavior nor output measurement will be sufficient, leaving us with no rational form of control. Therefore such organizations rely on ritualized, ceremonial forms of controls. This approach only works with the recruitment of a selected few individuals, with the same schooling and professionalization process. Another organizations using this form: Hospitals, Investement banks, Whereas output and behavior control can be implemented through a market or bureaucracy, ceremonial forms of control can be implemented through a clan. Closing observations Depending on the organization and its requirements it has to be choosen which control systems works best. E.g.: manufacturing: behavior and output control vs. service org.: cultural or clan controls. Nevertheless every control system is directed at achieving cooperation by: †¢Market mechanism: each persons contribution is evaluated; combined with a personal loss of reward †¢Clan mechanism: attain cooperation by selecting and sozialising individuals such that their objectives overlap with the organizations objectives †¢Bureaucratic mechanism: does a little of each, partly evaluates performance and partly engenders feelings of commitment to the idea of legitimate authority in hierarchies Two main questions: 1. Clarity with which the performance can be assessed 2. Degree of goal incongruence (either trust each other or control each other)

The Carnivore project :: essays research papers

The Carnivore Invasion "They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." -- Benjamin Franklin, 1759 The current use and regulations of the F.B.I. surveillance tool known as Carnivore need to be revised in such a way that it will no longer be able to copy the e-mails of unsuspecting Americans. Most Americans are not even aware of the existence of the Carnivore project. The ignorance of the American people is understandable; the government has gone to great lengths to ensure secrecy when it comes to the details of the Carnivore project. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light exactly how the Federal Burro of Investigation (FBI) has invaded the privacy of a countless number of Americans. Once the severe flaws of the Carnivore system have been outlined, this paper will describe what laws need to be changed to make the Carnivore project even reasonable. The FBI designed the Carnivore system to capture email communications of a criminal suspect. The information extracted from the suspect’s e-mails is then used as evidence against the suspect. In this simple explanation the Carnivore system appears to be an effective tool against crime. Unfortunately most issues in this world cannot be explained in two sentences. The process of implementing the Carnivore system begins with a court order for a full content-wiretap (Tyson 2). Once a court order has been issued the FBI is required to request that the suspects Internet Service Provider (ISP) is willing/able to copy all of the e-mails to and from the suspects address. The initial request made by the FBI to allow the ISP to copy the suspect’s e-mails is to ensure that the FBI has tried to meet the â€Å"best evidence† rule (Graham 8). The â€Å"best evidence† rule simply states that the FBI has to obtain evidence in the best way possible. If the ISP is able to copy the suspect’s e-mails directly, it is considered better evidence. If the ISP declines the FBI’s request then the FBI is allowed to install the Carnivore system onto the suspect’s ISP (Graham 6). Why would an ISP decline assistance? ISPs are concerned about the privacy of their customers. For example, Earthlink testified before the Carnivore Commi ttee saying that what the FBI was asking them to do â€Å".

American Culture and Heroes

American Culture and Heroes American Culture and Heroes Heroes are not men with capes or super powers as they are portrayed in American culture today. Heroes are people who transform compassion (a personal virtue) into heroic action (a civic virtue). In doing so, they put their best selves forward in service to humanity. A hero is as an individual or a network of people that take action on behalf of others in need, or in defense of integrity or a moral cause. Heroes are people who transform compassion (a personal virtue) into heroic action (a civic virtue).In doing so, they put their best selves forward in service to humanity. A hero is as an individual or a network of people that take action on behalf of others in need, or in defense of integrity or a moral cause. Mike Dilbeck, www. raproject. org, Response Ability Project, 2012 The Oxford American College Dictionary, (2002), e-book Ashford University Library, says that a hero is â€Å"a person, typically a man, who is admired for courage or noble qualifications. † A firefighter, police officer and a soldier (man or woman) would fall under this description of a hero.Arthur Ashe said it best. â€Å"True heroism is remarkably sober, very un-dramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others? at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost. † Characteristics of a hero are: 1. Courage: A hero overcomes his fears and takes a challenge head on. There is not even a twinge of fear in the heroes heart. 2. Virtuosity: The key aspect of a hero’s character. 3. Sacrifice: A quality that is unique from other virtues. A hero is willing to let personal comforts become indispensable for the higher cause and welfare of others. 4.Determination: The hero is unflinching in his or her determination and believes in his ability. 5. Focus: One of the most prominent qualities of a hero. They are put on this earth for one definitive motive. 6. Compassion: The true hero is empathetic, benevolent and s hows compassion and tenderness to those in need. 7. Perseverance: This is what makes the hero special. Even when faced with failure, they continue to fight till the achieve success. 8. Dedication: Heroes are selfless and whole-heartedly dedicated to the task at hand. 9. Honesty: This forms the base of all of his or her efforts.This is what earns the hero respect. 10. Loyalty: The faithfulness and commitment to their cause is way beyond others. 11. Intrepidity: They have courage that is unshaken no matter what comes into their path. They are determined to fight their challenges to the end. 12. Conviction: A set of unshakable thoughts and beliefs which will not be altered. 13. Fortitude: A habit that encounters a dangerous deed that is unaltered and adopted with passive courage. 14. Responsibility: No matter what the scenario may entail, they take it with utmost sincerity and follow it to the conclusion. 5. Wisdom: The most desired quality, which must be possessed. Wisdom is an attrib ute that all heroes possess, be it a soldier, firefighter, or a police officer. A hero is not born, they are self-made. These characteristics are what set a hero apart from. www. personalitytutor. com/qualities-of-a-hero. html In our American culture the media has changed the meaning of a hero. Reality television has become a part of our everyday lives and has changed the way in which we perceive the true hero. Hall, Alice, Viewers’ Perceptions of Reality Programs, Communication Quarterly Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2006, pp 191-211. The media is making it seem like everyone is a hero. In reality television, such as Survivor or The Great American Race, the media has made the person that completes the challenges a â€Å"hero†. They play on the thoughts of Americans who want to believe. According to the media, someone surviving on this show is touted as a hero. An example of the appeal to reality television is the perceived novelty and value on real people experience and not acto rs. Reality television shows that the everyday person can succeed and do not have to be famous to do it.Reality Television is not all bad. It shows people that anyone can do anything, giving the everyday white collar person hope. But it also tempts people to try things that they should never do without proper supervision. (Jack Ass) Given the time a family is apart, due to work, school, and other outside obligations, less time watching reality television and more family time is needed. Reality television is making just anybody a hero and not the people that actually deserve to be considered a hero. The real heroes are the people who fight for our freedom and our safety.As stated in the book Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information, Tyner, Kathleen R. , Literacy in a Digital world. Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information. 1998 Ashford University Library, how literacy in America during the new information age has changed due to computers and the usage of doing all resea rch from the point of websites, compared to the time when you had to do research by actually going to the library and doing research for the right books and then sitting down and taking notes and writing everything down by hand.I believe that what this means is that by having the new information age and the reality television and the media that is portraying things as they want them to appear, people are not as literate as they once were. Literacy has sustained through the development of the Information Age over the past 25 years, Rassool, Naz, Literacy for Sustainable Development in the Age of Information, 1999, Ashford University Library e-book, this is true. People just don’t have to work for it like they used to.This once again falls back to where the people that actually deserve the credit do not get it and they are just put in the pool with everyone else and whoever is lucky enough to be picked on that particular day will be the one that is commended. In conclusion the way that people perceive a hero is all in how they live their everyday lives and what they believe in. If they believe the Survivor winner, Richard Hatch, is a hero then they are the very people that have changed the way that people perceive a hero. ReferencesHall, Alice, Viewers’ Perceptions of Reality Programs, Communication Quarterly Vol. 54, No. 2, May 2006, pp 191-211. Mike Dilbeck, www. raproject. org, Response Ability Project, 2012 Rassool, Naz, Literacy for Sustainable Development in the Age of Information, 1999, Ashford University Library e-book. The Oxford American College Dictionary, (2002), e-book Ashford University Library. Tyner, Kathleen R. , Literacy in a Digital world. Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information. 1998, Ashford University Library. www. personalitytutor. com/qualities-of-a-hero. html

Summary Of Happy People - 1721 Words

Summary Happy People: A Year in the Taiga is about a village, the center of the story is the life of the indigenous people of the village Bakhtia, along the river Yenisei in the Siberian Taiga. The land mass is one and a half the amount as the land of the United States, also known as the heart of Siberia. Taiga what they call is the wilderness that surrounds the area. There are only two ways to reach them one is by helicopter and the other by boat. Only during the few ice free months of summer is when the boats are frequently used to get here. Furthermore, the river Yenisei is one of the largest in Siberia. The village inhabits about 300 or so people. It follows the natives, whose daily routines have barely changed over the last centuries, keep living their lives according to their own cultural traditions. The natives’ livelihoods are, they live of the land and are called â€Å"trappers†. In addition, they also depicted examples of how they live off the land like: have they ma ke traps, fishing, how they build their homes, and how they defend off mosquitoes with a homemade mosquito repellant from tar. Just by studying and watching the documentary Happy People: A Year in the Taiga is a form of cultural anthropology. How there is not that much development here and how there are only two to reach this outpost by helicopter and by boat is uneven development for the village. Really though you can attribute the uneven development to the climate change but, it seems that it hasShow MoreRelatedMiddle Child Syndrome786 Words   |  3 PagesShe may feel dysfunctional, doomed to a life full of loneliness, depression, and failure. The middle child has been stereotyped with these characterizations for years. However, many people don’t realize that there is a real problem called â€Å"Middle Child Syndrome† that effect children all over the world. 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